From BofA:

We initiated our 1Q US GDP tracker with the January retail sales print on February 14. Since then, our 1Q GDP tracker is down two-tenths to 2.3% q/q saar from our official forecast of 2.5% q/q saar. Meanwhile, our 4Q GDP tracking is down two-tenths to 2.2% q/q saar since our last weekly publication. [Feb 21st]
emphasis added

From Goldman:

[W]e lowered our Q1 GDP tracking estimate by 0.1pp to +1.9% (quarter-over-quarter annualized) and our Q1 domestic final sales estimate by 0.1pp to +2.1%. We left our Q4 past quarter tracking estimate unchanged at +2.1%. [Feb 19th estimate]

And from the Atlanta Fed: GDPNow

[T]he GDPNow model estimate for real GDP growth (seasonally adjusted annual rate) in the first quarter of 2025 is 2.3 percent on February 19, unchanged from February 14 after rounding. [Feb 19th estimate]

Today, in the CalculatedRisk Real Estate Newsletter: NAR: Existing-Home Sales Decreased to 4.08 million SAAR in January

Excerpt:

Sales in January (4.08 million SAAR) were down 4.9% from the previous month and were 2.0% above the January 2024 sales rate. This was the fourth consecutive year-over-year increase after declining YoY every month for over 3 years.
...
Sales Year-over-Year and Not Seasonally Adjusted (NSA)

The fourth graph shows existing home sales by month for 2024 and 2025.

Sales increased 2.0% year-over-year compared to January 2024.

There is much more in the article.

From the NAR: Existing-Home Sales Decreased 4.9% in January, But Increased Year-Over-Year for Fourth Consecutive Month

Existing-home sales retreated in January, according to the National Association of REALTORS®. Sales slipped in three major U.S. regions and held steady in the Midwest. Year-over-year, sales rose in three regions and were unchanged in the South.

Total existing-home sales – completed transactions that include single-family homes, townhomes, condominiums and co-ops – descended 4.9% from December to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 4.08 million in January. Year-over-year, sales improved 2.0% (up from 4 million in January 2024).
...
Total housing inventory registered at the end of January was 1.18 million units, up 3.5% from December and 16.8% from one year ago (1.01 million). Unsold inventory sits at a 3.5-month supply at the current sales pace, up from 3.2 months in December and 3.0 months in January 2024.
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows existing home sales, on a Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate (SAAR) basis since 1994.

Sales in January (4.08 million SAAR) were down 4.9% from the previous month and were 2.0% above the January 2024 sales rate.  This was the fourth consecutive year-over-year increase after declining YoY every month for over 3 years.
The second graph shows nationwide inventory for existing homes.

According to the NAR, inventory increased to 1.18 million in January from 1.14 million the previous month.
Headline inventory is not seasonally adjusted, and inventory usually decreases to the seasonal lows in December and January, and peaks in mid-to-late summer.

The last graph shows the year-over-year (YoY) change in reported existing home inventory and months-of-supply. Since inventory is not seasonally adjusted, it really helps to look at the YoY change. Note: Months-of-supply is based on the seasonally adjusted sales and not seasonally adjusted inventory.

Inventory was up 16.8% year-over-year (blue) in January compared to January 2024.

Months of supply (red) increased to 3.5 months in January from 3.2 months the previous month.

The sales rate was below the consensus forecast.  I'll have more later. 

From ICE: ICE First Look at Mortgage Performance: Foreclosure Starts Jump as VA Moratorium Ends; Wildfire Delinquencies Emerge

• Delinquencies fell 24 basis points (bps) to 3.47% in January; that’s 10 bps higher than last year, but 33 bps below pre-pandemic levels

• Foreclosure starts jumped by 30% and sales rose by 25% in January – driven by an expiration in the VA foreclosure moratorium – with active inventory rising by 7% in the month

• While the number of borrowers past due as a result of last year’s hurricanes has fallen from 58K to 41K in recent months, the financial impact from the recent Los Angeles wildfires is emerging

• An estimated 680 homeowners in the path of the Los Angeles wildfires missed their January mortgage payment, and ICE’s daily mortgage performance data suggests the number of past-due borrowers could surpass 2,800 by the end of February.

• Prepayment activity (SMM) fell to 0.48% in January, its lowest level in nearly a year, driven by the combination of modestly higher rates and the typical seasonal slowdown in home sale activity
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.

Here is a table from ICE.

Note: Mortgage rates are from MortgageNewsDaily.com and are for top tier scenarios.

Friday:
• At 10:00 AM ET, Existing Home Sales for January from the National Association of Realtors (NAR). The consensus is for 4.17 million SAAR, down from 4.24 million.

• Also at 10:00 AM, University of Michigan's Consumer sentiment index (Final for February).

What this means: On a weekly basis, Realtor.com reports the year-over-year change in active inventory and new listings. On a monthly basis, they report total inventory. For January, Realtor.com reported inventory was up 24.6% YoY, but still down 24.8% compared to the 2017 to 2019 same month levels. 
 Now - on a weekly basis - inventory is up 27.6% YoY.

Realtor.com has monthly and weekly data on the existing home market. Here is their weekly report: Weekly Housing Trends View—Data for Week Ending Feb. 15, 2025

• Active inventory increased, with for-sale homes 27.6% above year-ago levels

For the 67th consecutive week, the number of homes for sale has increased compared with the same time last year. This week also marked the sixth straight week where the growth rate has increased, fueled by the entrance of many new listings on the market.

• New listings—a measure of sellers putting homes up for sale—increased 5%

Newly listed inventory increased year over year for the sixth week in a row, as sellers go online for the spring buying season. Despite mortgage rates remaining stubbornly high and many prospective sellers feeling the lock-in effect due to their lower previous rates, new homes are hitting the market at a faster pace than in 2024 at this time.

Here is a graph of the year-over-year change in inventory according to realtor.com. 

Inventory was up year-over-year for the 67th consecutive week.  
New listings have jumped recently but remain below typical pre-pandemic levels.

Today, in the Calculated Risk Real Estate Newsletter: California Home Sales Down 1.9% YoY in January; 4th Look at Local Housing Markets

A brief excerpt:

Here a few more local markets prior to the NAR release tomorrow.

The NAR is scheduled to release January Existing Home sales on Friday, February 21st at 10:00 AM. The consensus is for 4.10 million SAAR, down from 4.24 million in December. Last year, the NAR reported sales in January 2024 at 4.00 million SAAR.

Housing economist Tom Lawler expects the NAR to report sales of 4.09 million SAAR for January.
...
From the California Association of Realtors® (C.A.R.): Elevated mortgage rates drag down January home sales, C.A.R. reports

January’s sales pace fell from the 282,490 homes sold in December and was down 1.9 percent from a year ago, when a revised 259,160 homes were sold on an annualized basis. The January sales level was the lowest in 13 months, and the double-digit month-to-month sales decline was the biggest decrease in 30 months. The year-over-year decline was the first in eight months.

...
Several local markets - like Illinois, Miami, New Jersey and New York - will report after the NAR release.

There is much more in the article.

This was a new record for imports in January, eclipsing the previous recent (Jan 2022) by 17%!

Container traffic gives us an idea about the volume of goods being exported and imported - and usually some hints about the trade report since LA area ports handle about 40% of the nation's container port traffic.

The following graphs are for inbound and outbound traffic at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach in TEUs (TEUs: 20-foot equivalent units or 20-foot-long cargo container).

To remove the strong seasonal component for inbound traffic, the first graph shows the rolling 12-month average.

Click on graph for larger image.

On a rolling 12-month basis, inbound traffic increased 1.9% in January compared to the rolling 12 months ending in December.   Outbound traffic was unchanged compared to the rolling 12 months ending the previous month.
The 2nd graph is the monthly data (with a strong seasonal pattern for imports).

Usually imports peak in the July to October period as retailers import goods for the Christmas holiday and then decline sharply and bottom in the Winter depending on the timing of the Chinese New Year.  
Imports were up 25% YoY in January and exports were down slightly YoY.    
This was a very strong July through January period as importers were likely stockpiling goods prior to the increase in tariffs. 

The DOL reported:

In the week ending February 15, the advance figure for seasonally adjusted initial claims was 219,000, an increase of 5,000 from the previous week's revised level. The previous week's level was revised up by 1,000 from 213,000 to 214,000. The 4-week moving average was 215,250, a decrease of 1,000 from the previous week's revised average. The previous week's average was revised up by 250 from 216,000 to 216,250.
emphasis added

The following graph shows the 4-week moving average of weekly claims since 1971.

Click on graph for larger image.

The dashed line on the graph is the current 4-week average. The four-week average of weekly unemployment claims decreased to 215,250.

The previous week was revised up.

Weekly claims were above the consensus forecast.

Note: Mortgage rates are from MortgageNewsDaily.com and are for top tier scenarios.

Thursday:
• At 8:30 AM ET, The initial weekly unemployment claims report will be released. The consensus is for an increase to 216 thousand from 213 thousand last week.

• Also at 8:30 AM, The Philly Fed manufacturing survey for February. The consensus is for a reading of 25.4, down from 44.3.

Note: This index is a leading indicator primarily for new Commercial Real Estate (CRE) investment.

From the AIA: ABI January 2025: Architecture firm billings remain soft to start the new year

The AIA/Deltek Architecture Billings Index (ABI) score was 45.6 for the month, slightly above the December score. This means that while a majority of firms still saw their billings decrease in January, the share of firms experiencing that decrease was slightly smaller than in December. Inquiries into new projects continued to grow at the same slow pace as in recent months, but the value of newly signed design contracts declined for the eleventh consecutive month as clients remained cautious about committing to new projects during the ongoing economic uncertainty. (Note that every January, the seasonal adjustment factors for all ABI data series are revised, leading to revisions in recent historical data.)

Billings were also soft at firms in all regions of the country in January. Firms located in the West saw very modest billings growth in the fourth quarter of 2024, but unfortunately, billings returned to negative territory to start the new year. Business conditions remained softest at firms located in the Northeast, which has been the trend in recent months. And billings softened further at firms located in the South, which saw more encouraging signs last fall, before weakening again. Billings also declined at firms of all specializations in January. Firms with a commercial/industrial specialization continued to be most likely to report softening business conditions, but billings have weakened at firms of all specializations in recent months.
...
The ABI score is a leading economic indicator of construction activity, providing an approximately nine-to-twelve-month glimpse into the future of nonresidential construction spending activity. The score is derived from a monthly survey of architecture firms that measures the change in the number of services provided to clients.
emphasis added

• Northeast (41.1); Midwest (45.6); South (46.0); West (48.8)

• Sector index breakdown: commercial/industrial (43.1); institutional (47.4); multifamily residential (45.0)

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the Architecture Billings Index since 1996. The index was at 45.6 in January, up from 44.1 in December.  Anything below 50 indicates a decrease in demand for architects' services.
This index has indicated contraction for 26 of the last 28 months.

Note: This includes commercial and industrial facilities like hotels and office buildings, multi-family residential, as well as schools, hospitals and other institutions.

This index usually leads CRE investment by 9 to 12 months, so this index suggests a slowdown in CRE investment in 2025.
Multi-family billings remained negative has been negative for the last 30 months.  This suggests we will see further weakness in multi-family starts.

From the Fed: Minutes of the Federal Open Market Committee, January 28–29, 2025. Excerpt:

With regard to the outlook for inflation, participants expected that, under appropriate monetary policy, inflation would continue to move toward 2 percent, although progress could remain uneven. Participants cited various factors as likely to put continuing downward pressure on inflation, including an easing in nominal wage growth, well-anchored longer-term inflation expectations, waning business pricing power, and the Committee's still-restrictive monetary policy stance. A few noted, however, that the current target range for the federal funds rate may not be far above its neutral level. Furthermore, some participants commented that with supply and demand in the labor market roughly in balance and in light of recent productivity gains, labor market conditions were unlikely to be a source of inflationary pressure in the near future. However, other factors were cited as having the potential to hinder the disinflation process, including the effects of potential changes in trade and immigration policy as well as strong consumer demand. Business contacts in a number of Districts had indicated that firms would attempt to pass on to consumers higher input costs arising from potential tariffs. In addition, some participants noted that some market- or survey-based measures of expected inflation had increased recently, although many participants emphasized that longer-term measures of expected inflation had remained well anchored. Some participants remarked that reported inflation at the beginning of the year was harder than usual to interpret because of the difficulties in fully removing seasonal effects, and a couple of participants commented that any increase in reported inflation in the first quarter due to such difficulties would imply a corresponding decrease in reported inflation in other quarters of the year.
...
In discussing the outlook for monetary policy, participants observed that the Committee was well positioned to take time to assess the evolving outlook for economic activity, the labor market, and inflation, with the vast majority pointing to a still-restrictive policy stance. Participants indicated that, provided the economy remained near maximum employment, they would want to see further progress on inflation before making additional adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate. Participants noted that policy decisions were not on a preset course and were conditional on the evolution of the economy, the economic outlook, and the balance of risks.
emphasis added

Today, in the Calculated Risk Real Estate Newsletter: Housing Starts Decreased to 1.366 million Annual Rate in January

A brief excerpt:

Total housing starts in January were below expectations; however, starts in November and December were revised up.

The third graph shows the month-to-month comparison for total starts between 2024 (blue) and 2025 (red).

Total starts were down 0.7% in January compared to January 2024. There were significant regional differences in January with starts in the Northeast region down sharply year-over-year (likely weather related).

Single family starts have been up year-over-year in 14 of the last 19 months, whereas multi-family has been up year-over-year in only 4 of last 20 months.

There is much more in the article.

From the Census Bureau: Permits, Starts and Completions

Housing Starts:
Privately-owned housing starts in January were at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 1,366,000. This is 9.8 percent below the revised December estimate of 1,515,000 and is 0.7 percent below the January 2024 rate of 1,376,000. Single-family housing starts in January were at a rate of 993,000; this is 8.4 percent below the revised December figure of 1,084,000. The January rate for units in buildings with five units or more was 355,000.

Building Permits:
Privately-owned housing units authorized by building permits in January were at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 1,483,000. This is 0.1 percent above the revised December rate of 1,482,000, but is 1.7 percent below the January 2024 rate of 1,508,000. Single-family authorizations in January were at a rate of 996,000; this is virtually unchanged from the revised December figure of 996,000. Authorizations of units in buildings with five units or more were at a rate of 427,000 in January.
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.

The first graph shows single and multi-family housing starts since 2000.

Multi-family starts (blue, 2+ units) decreased month-over-month in January.   Multi-family starts were up 2.2% year-over-year.

Single-family starts (red) decreased in January and were down 1.8% year-over-year.

The second graph shows single and multi-family housing starts since 1968.

This shows the huge collapse following the housing bubble, and then the eventual recovery - and the recent collapse and recovery in single-family starts.

Total housing starts in January were below expectations; however, starts in November and December were revised up.

I'll have more later …

From the MBA: Mortgage Applications Decrease in Latest MBA Weekly Survey

Mortgage applications decreased 6.6 percent from one week earlier, according to data from the Mortgage Bankers Association’s (MBA) Weekly Mortgage Applications Survey for the week ending February 14, 2025.

The Market Composite Index, a measure of mortgage loan application volume, decreased 6.6 percent on a seasonally adjusted basis from one week earlier. On an unadjusted basis, the Index decreased 4 percent compared with the previous week. The Refinance Index decreased 7 percent from the previous week and was 39 percent higher than the same week one year ago. The seasonally adjusted Purchase Index decreased 6 percent from one week earlier. The unadjusted Purchase Index decreased 1 percent compared with the previous week and was 7 percent higher than the same week one year ago.

“Mortgage rates decreased on average over the week, as markets brushed off unexpectedly strong inflation data. Despite mortgage rates declining, with the 30-year fixed mortgage rate dropping to 6.93 percent, mortgage applications decreased to their slowest pace since the beginning of the year,” said Joel Kan, MBA’s Vice President and Deputy Chief Economist. “Purchase applications were down for the week, as buyers remained on the fence, although loosening inventory may help support activity in the coming months. Refinance applications had been rising in previous weeks but dipped as rates remained close to 7 percent.”
...
The average contract interest rate for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages with conforming loan balances ($766,550 or less) decreased to 6.93 percent from 6.95 percent, with points increasing to 0.66 from 0.64 (including the origination fee) for 80 percent loan-to-value ratio (LTV) loans.
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.

The first graph shows the MBA mortgage purchase index.

According to the MBA, purchase activity is up 7% year-over-year unadjusted. 
Red is a four-week average (blue is weekly).  
Purchase application activity is up about 15% from the lows in late October 2023 and is now 5% below the lowest levels during the housing bust.  

The second graph shows the refinance index since 1990.

The refinance index remains very low.

Note: Mortgage rates are from MortgageNewsDaily.com and are for top tier scenarios.

Wednesday:
• At 7:00 AM ET, The Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) will release the mortgage purchase applications index.

• At 8:30 AM, Housing Starts for January. The consensus is for 1.394 million SAAR, down from 1.499 million SAAR.

• During the day, The AIA's Architecture Billings Index for January (a leading indicator for commercial real estate).

• At 2:00 PM, FOMC Minutes, Meeting of Meeting of January 28-29, 2025

From the MBA: Share of Mortgage Loans in Forbearance Decreases to 0.40% in January

The Mortgage Bankers Association’s (MBA) monthly Loan Monitoring Survey revealed that the total number of loans now in forbearance decreased by 7 basis points from 0.47% of servicers’ portfolio volume in the prior month to 0.40% as of January 31, 2025. According to MBA’s estimate, 200,000 homeowners are in forbearance plans.

The share of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac loans in forbearance decreased 2 basis points to 0.17% in January 2025. Ginnie Mae loans in forbearance decreased by 19 basis points to 0.88%, and the forbearance share for portfolio loans and private-label securities (PLS) remained the same as the prior month at 0.40%.

“While the number of forbearance requests grew in January, the number of forbearance exits outweighed that pick-up, reaching the highest level since June 2022,” said Marina Walsh, CMB, MBA’s Vice President of Industry Analysis. “This outcome was somewhat surprising given the recent events in California, but it speaks to recovery in other parts of the country affected by natural disasters and the movement of aged government loans out of forbearance.”

Added Walsh, “As the number of borrowers in forbearance dropped this past month, the number of borrowers with permanent loan workouts grew. Today, approximately 6.5 percent of all borrowers – or 3.3 million homeowners – are in a loan workout completed in 2020 or after.”
...
By reason, 64.1% of borrowers are in forbearance for reasons such as a temporary hardship caused by job loss, death, divorce, or disability. Another 32.9% are in forbearance because of a natural disaster. The remaining 3.0% of borrowers are still in forbearance because of COVID-19.
emphasis added

At the end of January, there were about 200,000 homeowners in forbearance plans.

Today, in the Calculated Risk Real Estate Newsletter: The "Neutral" Rate and Implications for 30-year Mortgage Rates

A brief excerpt:

Housing economist Tom Lawler has written extensively on the neutral rate. He has argued that the neutral rate has increased back to pre-financial crisis levels and that it seems like that “the current stance of monetary policy is not meaningfully restrictive”.

Analysts are catching up. This morning, economists at BofA wrote: “The most reasonable interpretation of the data flow seems to be that the neutral rate has increased a lot more than previously thought, and policy might not be restrictive at all.”
...
In normal times, the 30-year mortgage rate is typically 175 to 200 bp above the 10-year yield. Here is a graph of the relationship between 30-year mortgage rates and the 10-year yield since 1971.

The red dots are the for the period Jan 2022 until today. This shows that the spread increased with the inverted yield curve.

There is much more in the article.

The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) reported the housing market index (HMI) was at 42, down from 47 last month. Any number below 50 indicates that more builders view sales conditions as poor than good.

From the NAHB: Builder Confidence Falls on Tariff and Housing Cost Concerns

Builder sentiment fell sharply in February over concerns on tariffs, elevated mortgage rates and high housing costs.

Builder confidence in the market for newly built single-family homes was 42 in February, down five points from January and the lowest level in five months, according to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index (HMI) released today.

“While builders hold out hope for pro-development policies, particularly for regulatory reform, policy uncertainty and cost factors created a reset for 2025 expectations in the most recent HMI,” said NAHB Chairman Carl Harris, a custom home builder from Wichita, Kan. “Uncertainty on the tariff front helped push builders’ expectations for future sales volume down to the lowest level since December 2023. Incentive use may also be weakening as a sales strategy as elevated interest rates reduce the pool of eligible home buyers.”

“With 32% of appliances and 30% of softwood lumber coming from international trade, uncertainty over the scale and scope of tariffs has builders further concerned about costs,” said NAHB Chief Economist Robert Dietz. “Reflecting this outlook, builder responses collected prior to a pause for the proposed tariffs on goods from Canada and Mexico yielded a lower HMI reading of 38, while those collected after the announced one-month pause produced a score of 44. Addressing the elevated pace of shelter inflation requires bending the housing cost curve to enable adding more attainable housing.

The latest HMI survey also revealed that 26% of builders cut home prices in February, down from 30% in January and the lowest share since May 2024. Meanwhile, the average price reduction was 5% in February, the same rate as the previous month. The use of sales incentives was 59% in February, down from 61% in January.
...
All three of the major HMI indices posted losses in February. The HMI index gauging current sales conditions fell four points to 46, the component measuring sales expectations in the next six months plunged 13 points to 46, and the gauge charting traffic of prospective buyers posted a three-point decline to 29.

Looking at the three-month moving averages for regional HMI scores, the Northeast fell three points in February to 57, the Midwest moved two points lower to 45, the West edged one-point lower to 39 and the South held steady at 46.
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the NAHB index since Jan 1985.

This was below the consensus forecast.

Weekend:
• Schedule for Week of February 16, 2025

Tuesday:
• At 8:30 AM ET, The New York Fed Empire State manufacturing survey for February. The consensus is for a reading of -1.0, up from -12.6.

• At 10:00 AM, The February NAHB homebuilder survey.  The consensus is for a reading of 47, unchanged from 47 the previous month. Any number below 50 indicates that more builders view sales conditions as poor than good.

From CNBC: Pre-Market Data and Bloomberg futures S&P 500 are up 7 and DOW futures are down 75 (fair value).

Oil prices were up over the last week with WTI futures at $71.39 per barrel and Brent at $75.29 per barrel. A year ago, WTI was at $80, and Brent was at $85 - so WTI oil prices are down about 11% year-over-year.

Here is a graph from Gasbuddy.com for nationwide gasoline prices. Nationally prices are at $3.12 per gallon. A year ago, prices were at $3.26 per gallon, so gasoline prices are down $0.14 year-over-year.